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	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=25016&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kmarquardt at 12:46, 24 July 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=25016&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-07-24T12:46:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:46, 24 July 2009&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's large projects are more social endeavors than simply the applied art of programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine-readable abstractions can. Most of the best programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother tongue, and typically in other languages as well. This is not just about communication with others: Speaking a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is indispensable when abstracting a problem. And this is what programming is also about.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's large projects are more social endeavors than simply the applied art of programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine-readable abstractions can. Most of the best programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother tongue, and typically in other languages as well. This is not just about communication with others: Speaking a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is indispensable when abstracting a problem. And this is what programming is also about.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machine, self, and peers, a project has many stakeholders, most &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of whom have little &lt;/del&gt;or no technical background. They live in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store or home). You need to understand them and their concerns. This is almost impossible if you cannot speak their language &amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain. While you might think a conversation with them went well, they probably didn't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machine, self, and peers, a project has many stakeholders, most &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;with a different &lt;/ins&gt;or no technical background. They live &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in testing, quality and deployment, &lt;/ins&gt;in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store or home). You need to understand them and their concerns. This is almost impossible if you cannot speak their language &amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain. While you might think a conversation with them went well, they probably didn't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost-center accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing or lawyers, some of their jargon and language (and thus, their minds) should be familiar to you. All these domain-specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project - ideally the programmers. Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing the ideas to life via a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost-center accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing or lawyers, some of their jargon and language (and thus, their minds) should be familiar to you. All these domain-specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project - ideally the programmers. Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing the ideas to life via a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And, of course, life is more than software projects. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you want &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;relate to people &lt;/del&gt;beyond the software industry, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;it may worth appreciating that this can be harder than passing something through the eye of a needle&lt;/del&gt;. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And, of course, life is more than software projects. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;To know another language is &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;have another soul [1]. For your contacts &lt;/ins&gt;beyond the software industry, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you will appreciate to know many languages&lt;/ins&gt;. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 25:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 25:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Back to [[97 Things Every Programmer Should Know]] home page&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Back to [[97 Things Every Programmer Should Know]] home page&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[1] attributed to Carolus Magnus, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kmarquardt</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=25005&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kmarquardt at 16:29, 23 July 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=25005&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-07-23T16:29:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:29, 23 July 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to communicate. A lot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to communicate. A lot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are periods in a programmer's life when most communication seems to be with the computer. More precisely, with the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine-readable way. This &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;an exhilarating prospect: Programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are periods in a programmer's life when most communication seems to be with the computer. More precisely, with the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine-readable way. This &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;remains &lt;/ins&gt;an exhilarating prospect: Programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the language of the machine, whether real or virtual, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions, otherwise some ideas become incredibly hard to express. Good programmers need to be able to stand outside their daily routine, to be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time always comes when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the language of the machine, whether real or virtual, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions, otherwise some ideas become incredibly hard to express. Good programmers need to be able to stand outside their daily routine, to be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time always comes when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machine, self, and peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of whom have little or no technical background. They live in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store or home). You need to understand them and their concerns. This is almost impossible if you cannot speak their language &amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain. While you might think a conversation with them went well, they probably didn't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machine, self, and peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of whom have little or no technical background. They live in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store or home). You need to understand them and their concerns. This is almost impossible if you cannot speak their language &amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain. While you might think a conversation with them went well, they probably didn't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost-center accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA Aida] &lt;/del&gt;should be familiar to you. All these domain-specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;ideally the programmers. Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing the ideas to life via a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost-center accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or lawyers&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;some of their jargon and language (and thus, their minds) &lt;/ins&gt;should be familiar to you. All these domain-specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/ins&gt;ideally the programmers. Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing the ideas to life via a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And, of course, life is more than software projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may worth appreciating that this can be harder than passing &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a camel &lt;/del&gt;through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. To be&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And, of course, life is more than software projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may worth appreciating that this can be harder than passing &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;something &lt;/ins&gt;through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kmarquardt</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=24822&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kevlin at 09:02, 13 July 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=24822&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-07-13T09:02:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:02, 13 July 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to communicate. A lot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to communicate. A lot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are periods in a programmer's life when most communication seems to be with the computer. More precisely, with the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine-readable way. This is an exhilarating prospect: &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;programs &lt;/del&gt;are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are periods in a programmer's life when most communication seems to be with the computer. More precisely, with the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine-readable way. This is an exhilarating prospect: &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Programs &lt;/ins&gt;are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;machine's &lt;/del&gt;language, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions, otherwise some ideas become incredibly hard to express. Good programmers need to be &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a few side steps away from &lt;/del&gt;their daily routine, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;to be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time always comes when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the language &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the machine, whether real or virtual&lt;/ins&gt;, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions, otherwise some ideas become incredibly hard to express. Good programmers need to be &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;able to stand outside &lt;/ins&gt;their daily routine, to be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time always comes when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's large projects are more social endeavors &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather &lt;/del&gt;than &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;just &lt;/del&gt;the applied art of programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine-readable abstractions can. Most of the best programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother tongue, and typically in other languages as well.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's large projects are more social endeavors than &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;simply &lt;/ins&gt;the applied art of programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine-readable abstractions can. Most of the best programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother tongue, and typically in other languages as well. This is not just about communication with others: &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Speaking &lt;/ins&gt;a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is indispensable when abstracting a problem. And this is what programming is also about.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This is not just about communication with others: &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;speaking &lt;/del&gt;a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is indispensable when abstracting a problem. And this is what programming is also about.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machine, self, and peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of whom have little or no technical background. They live in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;or &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;at &lt;/del&gt;home). You need to understand them and their concerns. This is almost impossible if you cannot speak their language &amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain. While you might think a conversation with them went well, they probably didn't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machine, self, and peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of whom have little or no technical background. They live in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store or home). You need to understand them and their concerns. This is almost impossible if you cannot speak their language &amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain. While you might think a conversation with them went well, they probably didn't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;centre &lt;/del&gt;accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA Aida] should be familiar to you. All these domain-specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project, ideally the programmers. Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing the ideas &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;into &lt;/del&gt;life via a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-center &lt;/ins&gt;accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA Aida] should be familiar to you. All these domain-specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project, ideally the programmers. Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing the ideas &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to &lt;/ins&gt;life via a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;then&lt;/del&gt;, life is more projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;even be useful to know &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;harder than passing a camel through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words. To be.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, of course&lt;/ins&gt;, life is more &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;than software &lt;/ins&gt;projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;worth appreciating &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;this can be &lt;/ins&gt;harder than passing a camel through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words. To be.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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		<author><name>Kevlin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23211&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kevlin at 17:02, 31 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23211&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-01-31T17:02:15Z</updated>
		
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:02, 31 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Believe it or not: programmers &lt;/del&gt;need to communicate. A lot&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, actually&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Programmers &lt;/ins&gt;need to communicate. A lot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;phases &lt;/del&gt;in a programmer's life when &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the main &lt;/del&gt;communication &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;with the computer. More precisely&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/del&gt;with the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine readable way. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A very exciting thought&lt;/del&gt;: programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;periods &lt;/ins&gt;in a programmer's life when &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;most &lt;/ins&gt;communication &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;seems to be &lt;/ins&gt;with the computer. More precisely&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;with the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/ins&gt;readable way. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This is an exhilarating prospect&lt;/ins&gt;: programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the machine's language, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Otherwise&lt;/del&gt;, some ideas become &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;incredible &lt;/del&gt;hard to express. Good programmers need to be a few side steps away from their daily routine, and be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;will come &lt;/del&gt;when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the machine's language, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;otherwise &lt;/ins&gt;some ideas become &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;incredibly &lt;/ins&gt;hard to express. Good programmers need to be a few side steps away from their daily routine, and &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to &lt;/ins&gt;be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;always comes &lt;/ins&gt;when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;larger &lt;/del&gt;projects are social endeavors rather than applied art of programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine readable abstractions can. Most &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;excellent &lt;/del&gt;programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'s &lt;/del&gt;tongue, and typically in other &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lagnuages &lt;/del&gt;as well.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;large &lt;/ins&gt;projects are &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;more &lt;/ins&gt;social endeavors rather than &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;just the &lt;/ins&gt;applied art of programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/ins&gt;readable abstractions can. Most &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the best &lt;/ins&gt;programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother tongue, and typically in other &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;languages &lt;/ins&gt;as well.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This is not just about communication: speaking a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;indispensible &lt;/del&gt;when abstracting a problem. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;An &lt;/del&gt;this is what programming is also about&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, see above&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This is not just about communication &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;with others&lt;/ins&gt;: speaking a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;indispensable &lt;/ins&gt;when abstracting a problem. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;And &lt;/ins&gt;this is what programming is also about.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which &lt;/del&gt;have little or no technical background. They &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are living &lt;/del&gt;in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store, or at home) &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- and you &lt;/del&gt;need to understand them and their concerns. This &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;turns out &lt;/del&gt;impossible if you cannot speak their language. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;You &lt;/del&gt;might think &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the talk &lt;/del&gt;with them &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is quite OK; &lt;/del&gt;they probably &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;don&lt;/del&gt;'t.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;machine, self, and &lt;/ins&gt;peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;whom &lt;/ins&gt;have little or no technical background. They &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;live &lt;/ins&gt;in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store, or at home)&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. You &lt;/ins&gt;need to understand them and their concerns. This &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is almost &lt;/ins&gt;impossible if you cannot speak their language &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;mdash; the language of their world, their domain&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;While you &lt;/ins&gt;might think &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a conversation &lt;/ins&gt;with them &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;went well, &lt;/ins&gt;they probably &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;didn&lt;/ins&gt;'t.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost centre accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA Aida] should be familiar to you. All these domain specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ideally by the programmer, since s/he is at &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;point when &lt;/del&gt;ideas &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;come &lt;/del&gt;into life &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;using &lt;/del&gt;a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost centre accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA Aida] should be familiar to you. All these domain&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/ins&gt;specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, ideally the programmers&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Programmers are ultimately responsible for bringing &lt;/ins&gt;the ideas into life &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;via &lt;/ins&gt;a computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And then, life is more projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may even be useful to know &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;what &lt;/del&gt;is harder than passing a camel through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words. To be.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;And then, life is more projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may even be useful to know &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that &lt;/ins&gt;is harder than passing a camel through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words. To be.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;Wittgenstein&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: ''&lt;/ins&gt;Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: Ludwig &lt;/ins&gt;Wittgenstein&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;By [[Klaus Marquardt]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This work is licensed under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ Creative Commons Attribution 3] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Back to [[97 Things Every Programmer Should Know]] home page&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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		<author><name>Kevlin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23207&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kevlin: Learn foreign languages moved to Learn Foreign Languages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23207&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-01-31T16:41:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php/Learn_foreign_languages&quot; title=&quot;Learn foreign languages&quot;&gt;Learn foreign languages&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php/Learn_Foreign_Languages&quot; title=&quot;Learn Foreign Languages&quot;&gt;Learn Foreign Languages&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:41, 31 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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		<author><name>Kevlin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23055&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kmarquardt at 16:24, 23 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23055&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-01-23T16:24:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:24, 23 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Believe it or not: programmers need to communicate. A lot, actually.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Believe it or not: programmers need to communicate. A lot, actually.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are phases in a programmer's life when the main communication is with the computer. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;With &lt;/del&gt;the programs running on that computer&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, actually&lt;/del&gt;. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine readable way. A very exciting thought: programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are phases in a programmer's life when the main communication is with the computer. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;More precisely: with &lt;/ins&gt;the programs running on that computer. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine readable way. A very exciting thought: programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the machine's language, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions. Otherwise, some ideas become incredible hard to express. Good programmers need to be a few side steps away from their daily routine, and be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time will come when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the machine's language, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions. Otherwise, some ideas become incredible hard to express. Good programmers need to be a few side steps away from their daily routine, and be aware of other languages that are expressive for other purposes. The time will come when this pays off.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of which have little or no technical background. They are living in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store, or at home) - and you need to understand them and their concerns. This turns out impossible if you cannot speak their language. You might think the talk with them is quite OK; they probably don't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beyond communication with peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of which have little or no technical background. They are living in marketing and sales, they are end users in some office (or store, or at home) - and you need to understand them and their concerns. This turns out impossible if you cannot speak their language. You might think the talk with them is quite OK; they probably don't.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost centre accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;AIDA&lt;/del&gt;] should be familiar to you. All these domain specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project. Ideally&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;by the programmer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost centre accounting, of tied capital, capital employed, et al. If you talk to marketing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Aida&lt;/ins&gt;] should be familiar to you. All these domain specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project. Ideally by the programmer&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, since s/he is at the point when ideas come into life using a computer.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;And then, life is more projects. If you want to relate to people beyond the software industry, it may even be useful to know what is harder than passing a camel through the eye of a needle. To know when to listen rather than talk. To know that most language is without words. To be.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(Wittgenstein)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kmarquardt</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23054&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kmarquardt at 16:05, 23 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=23054&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-01-23T16:05:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

			&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:05, 23 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;programming languages&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Believe it or not: programmers need to communicate. A lot, actually.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;languages useful &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;foreign countries&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;There are phases &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a programmer's life when the main communication is with the computer. With the programs running on that computer, actually. This communication is about expressing ideas in a machine readable way. A very exciting thought: programs are ideas turned into reality, with virtually no physical substance involved.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;languages of other &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;disciplines (&lt;/del&gt;marketing, accounting, ...&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Programmers need to be fluent in the machine's language, and in the abstractions that can be related to that language via development tools. It is important to learn many different abstractions. Otherwise, some ideas become incredible hard to express. Good programmers need to be a few side steps away from their daily routine, and be aware of other &lt;/ins&gt;languages &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that are expressive for other purposes. The time will come when this pays off.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Beyond communication with machines, programmers need to communicate with their peers. Today's larger projects are social endeavors rather than applied art &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;programming. It is important to understand and express more than the machine readable abstractions can. Most excellent programmers I know are also very fluent in their mother's tongue, and typically in &lt;/ins&gt;other &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lagnuages as well.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This is not just about communication: speaking a language well also leads to a clarity of thought that is indispensible when abstracting a problem. An this is what programming is also about, see above.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Beyond communication with peers, a project has many stakeholders, most of which have little or no technical background. They are living in &lt;/ins&gt;marketing &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and sales&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;they are end users in some office (or store, or at home) - and you need to understand them and their concerns. This turns out impossible if you cannot speak their language. You might think the talk with them is quite OK; they probably don't.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you talk to accountants, you need a basic knowledge of cost centre &lt;/ins&gt;accounting, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of tied capital, capital employed, et al&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you talk to marketing, [http://en&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA AIDA] should be familiar to you. All these domain specific languages need to be mastered by someone in the project. Ideally, by the programmer&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kmarquardt</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=12490&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kmarquardt: New page: programming languages  languages useful in foreign countries  languages of other disciplines (marketing, accounting, ...)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_Foreign_Languages&amp;diff=12490&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2008-10-08T08:46:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page: programming languages  languages useful in foreign countries  languages of other disciplines (marketing, accounting, ...)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;programming languages&lt;br /&gt;
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languages useful in foreign countries&lt;br /&gt;
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languages of other disciplines (marketing, accounting, ...)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kmarquardt</name></author>	</entry>

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