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	<dl>		<dl>
	<dt>''-z #''		<dt>''-z #''
-	<dd>Compress all network traffic by using the specfied ''gzip'' compression level~~''''~~(the ''#'' symbol represents a ''gzip'' level number). The compression levels range from ''0'' (no compression) to ''9'' (maximum compression). This option overrides settings in the''.cvsrc'' file.	+	<dd>Compress all network traffic by using the specfied ''gzip'' compression level(the ''#'' symbol represents a ''gzip'' level number). The compression levels range from ''0'' (no compression) to ''9'' (maximum compression). This option overrides settings in the''.cvsrc'' file.

	This option is available only if the client supports it. It is supported if it is listed in ''cvs --help-options''. You can compile the command-line client to support it by using the ''--enable-client'' option to the ''configure'' script.		This option is available only if the client supports it. It is supported if it is listed in ''cvs --help-options''. You can compile the command-line client to support it by using the ''--enable-client'' option to the ''configure'' script.
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	'''Tip'''		'''Tip'''

-	''checkout -c''~~lists''''only~~ those projects that have entries in the ''modules'' file.	+	''checkout -c''listsonly those projects that have entries in the ''modules'' file.
	</div>		</div>
	</dl>		</dl>
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	: Where the lines are the same, display only the line in the left column.		: Where the lines are the same, display only the line in the left column.
	;''-n''or''--rcs''		;''-n''or''--rcs''
-	: Produce a ''diff'' in RCS format rather than ~~GNU''''format~~.	+	: Produce a ''diff'' in RCS format rather than GNUformat.
	;''-N''or''--new-file''		;''-N''or''--new-file''
	: If directories are being compared and a file is not found in one directory, treat the file as if it were there but empty.		: If directories are being compared and a file is not found in one directory, treat the file as if it were there but empty.
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	: Display the text defined by the format string for all lines.		: Display the text defined by the format string for all lines.

-	The ''format-string'' for both group and line formats uses the percent~~''''~~(<tt>%</tt> ) character as a special token, denoting a string to be evaluated by ''cvs diff''. The string <tt>%%</tt> represents a single percent character. You also need to know your shell's quoting rules if you wish to include your shell's quote marks in the format string.	+	The ''format-string'' for both group and line formats uses the percent(<tt>%</tt> ) character as a special token, denoting a string to be evaluated by ''cvs diff''. The string <tt>%%</tt> represents a single percent character. You also need to know your shell's quoting rules if you wish to include your shell's quote marks in the format string.

	These are the special characters for a line ''format-string'':		These are the special characters for a line ''format-string'':
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	The project name will become the project's root directory name. The tags are less critical; if you do not intend to use a vendor branch, a meaningless pair of tags such as ''a1 b2'' is sufficient. The tag names must conform to all the normal requirements for tags: they must start with a letter and can contain only alphanumeric characters, underscores (''_''), and hyphens (''-''). The ''HEAD'' and ''BASE''tag names are reserved.		The project name will become the project's root directory name. The tags are less critical; if you do not intend to use a vendor branch, a meaningless pair of tags such as ''a1 b2'' is sufficient. The tag names must conform to all the normal requirements for tags: they must start with a letter and can contain only alphanumeric characters, underscores (''_''), and hyphens (''-''). The ''HEAD'' and ''BASE''tag names are reserved.

-	A vendor ~~branch''''is~~ a special branch that CVS provides to track third-party code that contributes to a project. If you use vendor branches, CVS uses the vendor tag as a branch tag for the vendor branch, and it uses the release tag to mark the current revisions of the vendor branch files.	+	A vendor branchis a special branch that CVS provides to track third-party code that contributes to a project. If you use vendor branches, CVS uses the vendor tag as a branch tag for the vendor branch, and it uses the release tag to mark the current revisions of the vendor branch files.

	Create a vendor branch by using ''cvs import'' to create the project. When you want to update to a new release from the vendor, use ''cvs import'' on the same project with the same vendor tag and a new release tag. See [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management\|Chapter 7]] for a full explanation of vendor branches.		Create a vendor branch by using ''cvs import'' to create the project. When you want to update to a new release from the vendor, use ''cvs import'' on the same project with the same vendor tag and a new release tag. See [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management\|Chapter 7]] for a full explanation of vendor branches.
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	====Description====		====Description====

-	Use ''rtag'' to mark a revision of a single file with a meaningful name or to mark a set of revisions of multiple files so that they can all be retrieved easily as a group. Tagnames must begin with a letter and may contain only alphanumeric characters, underscores (''_''),~~''''~~and hyphens~~''''~~(''-''). There are two tags reserved for CVS: the ''BASE'' and ''HEAD'' tags.	+	Use ''rtag'' to mark a revision of a single file with a meaningful name or to mark a set of revisions of multiple files so that they can all be retrieved easily as a group. Tagnames must begin with a letter and may contain only alphanumeric characters, underscores (''_''),and hyphens(''-''). There are two tags reserved for CVS: the ''BASE'' and ''HEAD'' tags.

	The ''tag'' and ''rtag'' commands are also used to create branches. Branches and tags are explained in [[Essential CVS/Using CVS/Tagging and Branching\|Chapter 4]].		The ''tag'' and ''rtag'' commands are also used to create branches. Branches and tags are explained in [[Essential CVS/Using CVS/Tagging and Branching\|Chapter 4]].

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	== CVS Command-Line Options ==		== CVS Command-Line Options ==

-	CVS supports a number of command-line options that you can use to control various aspects of CVS behavior. Command-specific options are described in [[Essential CVS/Command Reference#CVS Commands\|Section 10.2]], later in this chapter. This section focuses on options that you pass to the ''cvs'' executable itself, not to any specific CVS command.	+	CVS supports a number of command-line options that you can use to control various aspects of CVS behavior. Command-specific options are described in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Command Reference#CVS Commands\|Section 10.2]], later in this chapter. This section focuses on options that you pass to the ''cvs'' executable itself, not to any specific CVS command.

	The syntax of any CVS command is as follows:		The syntax of any CVS command is as follows:
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	: Set files checked out to the sandbox as read-only. This option only sets newly checked-out files. If a file is being watched with ''cvs watch'', read-only is the default. This option overrides settings in the''.cvsrc'' file.		: Set files checked out to the sandbox as read-only. This option only sets newly checked-out files. If a file is being watched with ''cvs watch'', read-only is the default. This option overrides settings in the''.cvsrc'' file.
	;''-s variable=value''		;''-s variable=value''
-	: Set a user variable for use with one of the scripting files in ''CVSROOT''. The user variables are explained in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#CVSROOT Variables\|Section 11.3]] in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]] and in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management\|Chapter 6]] and [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management\|Chapter 7]].	+	: Set a user variable for use with one of the scripting files in ''CVSROOT''. The user variables are explained in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#CVSROOT Variables\|Section 11.3]] in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]] and in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management\|Chapter 6]] and [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management\|Chapter 7]].
	;''-t''		;''-t''
	: Display messages that trace the execution of the command. This option can be used with ''-n''to determine precisely what a command does.		: Display messages that trace the execution of the command. This option can be used with ''-n''to determine precisely what a command does.
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	<dd>Add a file or files with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets the default keyword mode for the file. If you forget to set the default keyword mode with ''cvs add'', you can do so later with ''cvs admin''.		<dd>Add a file or files with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets the default keyword mode for the file. If you forget to set the default keyword mode with ''cvs add'', you can do so later with ''cvs admin''.

-	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>
	;''-m message''		;''-m message''
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	<dd>Set the default keyword-expansion mode for a file.		<dd>Set the default keyword-expansion mode for a file.

-	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>

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	<dd>Check out a sandbox with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets a sticky keyword mode for the sandbox, so that later commands operate with the same keyword-expansion mode unless a ''-k'' option overrides that mode. The ''-k'' option overrides the default mode for each file.		<dd>Check out a sandbox with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets a sticky keyword mode for the sandbox, so that later commands operate with the same keyword-expansion mode unless a ''-k'' option overrides that mode. The ''-k'' option overrides the default mode for each file.

-	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>

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	<dd>Run ''diff'' with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option overrides the default mode and any sticky modes for each file.		<dd>Run ''diff'' with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option overrides the default mode and any sticky modes for each file.

-	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>

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	<dd>Export a release with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option overrides the default mode for each file.		<dd>Export a release with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option overrides the default mode for each file.

-	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>

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	: Report only commits—times when the repository was modified (equivalent to ''-xAMR'').		: Report only commits—times when the repository was modified (equivalent to ''-xAMR'').
	;''-D date''		;''-D date''
-	: Report data that is more recent than the given date or time. (See [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Dates\|Section 11.4]] in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]] for legal dates.)	+	: Report data that is more recent than the given date or time. (See [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Dates\|Section 11.4]] in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]] for legal dates.)
	;''-e''		;''-e''
	: Report on every record type. This option is equivalent to ''-x'' with every type specified.		: Report on every record type. This option is equivalent to ''-x'' with every type specified.
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	<dd>Import to the specified vendor ''branch''. If you have more than one external supplier for a project, you may need to use two or more distinct vendor branches to manage the project. If you are using multiple vendor branches, use the ''-b'' option to specify which branch you are importing to. ''branch'' must be the branch number, not a tag, and CVS does not check that the branch number given with the option and the symbolic tag provided as the ''vendor-tag'' argument to the command correspond to the same branch.		<dd>Import to the specified vendor ''branch''. If you have more than one external supplier for a project, you may need to use two or more distinct vendor branches to manage the project. If you are using multiple vendor branches, use the ''-b'' option to specify which branch you are importing to. ''branch'' must be the branch number, not a tag, and CVS does not check that the branch number given with the option and the symbolic tag provided as the ''vendor-tag'' argument to the command correspond to the same branch.

-	I strongly recommend that you read [[Essential CVS/Project Management#Vendor Branches\|Section 7.1.3]] in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management\|Chapter 7]] before using this option.	+	I strongly recommend that you read [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management#Vendor Branches\|Section 7.1.3]] in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Project Management\|Chapter 7]] before using this option.
	</dl>		</dl>
	;''-d''		;''-d''
	: When setting the timestamp on each imported file, use each file's last modification time rather than the current time.		: When setting the timestamp on each imported file, use each file's last modification time rather than the current time.
	;''-I ignore''		;''-I ignore''
-	: Ignore the named file when updating. ''-I'' can be used more than once. Use''-I !''to clear the list of ignored files. See [[Essential CVS/Repository Management#cvsignore\|Section 6.5.3.2]] in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management\|Chapter 6]].	+	: Ignore the named file when updating. ''-I'' can be used more than once. Use''-I !''to clear the list of ignored files. See [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management#cvsignore\|Section 6.5.3.2]] in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management\|Chapter 6]].

	<dl>		<dl>
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	<dd>Import the file or files with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets the default keyword mode for the file. If you forget to set the default keyword mode with ''cvs import'', you can do it later with ''cvs admin''.		<dd>Import the file or files with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets the default keyword mode for the file. If you forget to set the default keyword mode with ''cvs import'', you can do it later with ''cvs admin''.

-	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword-expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>
	;''-m message''		;''-m message''
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	: Use the latest (''HEAD'') revision on the current branch or trunk if no revision matches the date, time, tag, or revision number. This applies only if ''-r''or ''-D'' are used.		: Use the latest (''HEAD'') revision on the current branch or trunk if no revision matches the date, time, tag, or revision number. This applies only if ''-r''or ''-D'' are used.
	;''-I ignore''		;''-I ignore''
-	: Ignore the named file when updating. ''-I'' can be used more than once. Use''-I !''to clear the list of ignored files. See [[Essential CVS/Repository Management#cvsignore\|Section 6.5.3.2]] in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management\|Chapter 6]].	+	: Ignore the named file when updating. ''-I'' can be used more than once. Use''-I !''to clear the list of ignored files. See [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management#cvsignore\|Section 6.5.3.2]] in [[Essential CVS/CVS Administration/Repository Management\|Chapter 6]].

	<dl>		<dl>
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	<dd>Update the files or sandbox with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets a sticky keyword mode for the files or the sandbox so that later commands operate with the same keyword-expansion mode unless a ''-k'' option overrides that mode. This option overrides the default mode for each file.		<dd>Update the files or sandbox with the designated keyword-expansion mode. This option also sets a sticky keyword mode for the files or the sandbox so that later commands operate with the same keyword-expansion mode unless a ''-k'' option overrides that mode. This option overrides the default mode for each file.

-	The keyword expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].	+	The keyword expansion modes are listed in [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference#Keywords and Keyword Modes\|Section 11.6]] of [[Essential CVS/Reference/Miscellaneous Topics Reference\|Chapter 11]].
	</dl>		</dl>

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	{{Essential CVS/TOC}}		{{Essential CVS/TOC}}
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	This chapter is a comprehensive reference of all CVS commands, with a brief summary of what each does. It is intended to be useful as a quick reference, not a tutorial.		This chapter is a comprehensive reference of all CVS commands, with a brief summary of what each does. It is intended to be useful as a quick reference, not a tutorial.