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		<title>Data Type Tips - Revision history</title>
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			<title>Kevlin: Data Type Data Tips moved to Data Type Tips</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=25336&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php/Data_Type_Data_Tips&quot; title=&quot;Data Type Data Tips&quot;&gt;Data Type Data Tips&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php/Data_Type_Tips&quot; title=&quot;Data Type Tips&quot;&gt;Data Type Tips&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:07, 17 August 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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			<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2009 22:07:30 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Kevlin</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
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			<title>Kevlin at 22:06, 17 August 2009</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=25335&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:06, 17 August 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However, if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies, which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However, if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies, which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using ''variant'' data types, which can further complicate matters, require more CPU processing, and are usually abused. Variant data types &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;definately &lt;/del&gt;have their place but they are often abused. The fact is that a &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;programemr &lt;/del&gt;should understand the strengths, weaknesses and implications of using any &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;datatype&lt;/del&gt;. One good example of where variants might be employed are functions specifically designed to accept and handle various types of data that might be passed into one or more variant parameters. One bad example of using variants would be to use them so frequently that language data type rules are effectively nullified.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using ''variant'' data types, which can further complicate matters, require more CPU processing, and are usually abused. Variant data types &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;definitely &lt;/ins&gt;have their place but they are often abused. The fact is that a &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;programmer &lt;/ins&gt;should understand the strengths, weaknesses and implications of using any &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;data type&lt;/ins&gt;. One good example of where variants might be employed are functions specifically designed to accept and handle various types of data that might be passed into one or more variant parameters. One bad example of using variants would be to use them so frequently that language data type rules are effectively nullified.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common, standard language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common, standard language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following data types are just commonplace subset of what is available and can store just about anything&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Abbreviations are a platform independant naming scheme used by the author&lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following data types are just commonplace subset of what is available and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:{|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:{|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|b |&lt;/del&gt;| boolean || ''true'' or ''false''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|boolean || ''true'' or ''false''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ch || char || one byte (ascii &lt;/del&gt;- &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;0 thru 255)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;single&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;byte char&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|uch |&lt;/del&gt;| unicode char &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| two byte (0-65535)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unicode char&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|u1 |&lt;/del&gt;| unsigned integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;one byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unsigned integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;8 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|u2 |&lt;/del&gt;| unsigned integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;two byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unsigned integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;16 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|u4 |&lt;/del&gt;| unsigned integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;four byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unsigned integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;32 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|u8 |&lt;/del&gt;| unsigned integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eight byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unsigned integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;64 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i1 || &lt;/del&gt;integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;one byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;signed &lt;/ins&gt;integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;8 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i2 || &lt;/del&gt;integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;two byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;signed &lt;/ins&gt;integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;16 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i4 || &lt;/del&gt;integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;four byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;signed &lt;/ins&gt;integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;32 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i8 || &lt;/del&gt;integer || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eight byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;signed &lt;/ins&gt;integer || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;64 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|f |&lt;/del&gt;| float || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;four byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|float || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;32 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|d |&lt;/del&gt;| double || &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eight byte&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|double || &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;64 bit&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|s |&lt;/del&gt;| string || undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|string || undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|sx |&lt;/del&gt;| string || fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|string || fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|us |&lt;/del&gt;| unicode string || undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unicode string || undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|ux |&lt;/del&gt;| unicode string || fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unicode string || fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|bin |&lt;/del&gt;| unspecified binary object || undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|unspecified binary object || undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2009 22:06:46 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Kevlin</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Jasonpsage: Consider data types carefully - especially when working with disparate systems and writing system integrations. Using a limited subset of datatypes that get the job done can be beneficial.</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=25229&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Consider data types carefully - especially when working with disparate systems and writing system integrations. Using a limited subset of datatypes that get the job done can be beneficial.&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:14, 9 August 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However, if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies, which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However, if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies, which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using ''variant'' data types, which can further complicate matters, require more CPU processing, and are usually abused.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using ''variant'' data types, which can further complicate matters, require more CPU processing, and are usually abused&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Variant data types definately have their place but they are often abused. The fact is that a programemr should understand the strengths, weaknesses and implications of using any datatype. One good example of where variants might be employed are functions specifically designed to accept and handle various types of data that might be passed into one or more variant parameters. One bad example of using variants would be to use them so frequently that language data type rules are effectively nullified&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common, standard language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common, standard language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following data types are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following data types are &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;just &lt;/ins&gt;commonplace &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subset of what is available &lt;/ins&gt;and can store just about anything&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Abbreviations are a platform independant naming scheme used by the author&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:{|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:{|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|b || boolean || ''true'' or ''false''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|b || boolean || ''true'' or ''false''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ch || char || one byte (ascii - 0 thru 255)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|uch || unicode char || two byte (0-65535)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|u1 || unsigned integer || one byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|u1 || unsigned integer || one byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 48:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 52:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now, converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, and database tables obviously complicates things. Nonetheless, the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined, like the data types listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now, converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, and database tables obviously complicates things. Nonetheless, the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined, like the data types listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;To summarize, it's important to consider what each data type offers and their implications in the language they are used in. Additionally, when considering systems integrations where disparate technologies are in use, it is wise to know how data types map between the systems to prevent dataloss. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates. By devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates. By devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2009 02:14:24 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Jasonpsage</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Kevlin at 13:15, 6 August 2009</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=25146&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:15, 6 August 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The reserved words int, shortint, short, and smallint are a few names, taken from only two programming languages, that indicate a two byte signed integer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The reserved words &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;int&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;shortint&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;short&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;, and &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;smallint&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;are a few names, taken from only two programming languages, that indicate a two&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/ins&gt;byte signed integer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies, which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies, which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;“Variant” &lt;/del&gt;data types, which further complicate matters, require more CPU processing, and are usually abused.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''variant'' &lt;/ins&gt;data types, which &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;can &lt;/ins&gt;further complicate matters, require more CPU processing, and are usually abused.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, standard &lt;/ins&gt;language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;datatypes &lt;/del&gt;are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;data types &lt;/ins&gt;are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;b &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;boolean &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– True or False&lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:{|&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &lt;/del&gt;'''u1 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/del&gt;unsigned integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;one byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;b &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;boolean &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;''&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;true&lt;/ins&gt;'' &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;''&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;false''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;u2 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/del&gt;unsigned integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;two byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;u4 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/del&gt;unsigned integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;four byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;u1 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unsigned integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;one byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;u8 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/del&gt;unsigned integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;eight byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;i1 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;one byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;u2 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unsigned integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;two byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;i2 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;two byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;i4 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;four byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;u4 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unsigned integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;four byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;i8 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;integer &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;eight byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;f &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;float &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;four byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;u8 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unsigned integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;eight byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;d &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;double &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;eight byte&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;s &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;string &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;undetermined length&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;i1 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;one byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;sx &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;string fixed length&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;us &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;unicode string &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/del&gt;undetermined length&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;i2 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;two byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;ux &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;unicode string &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;fixed length&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/del&gt;bin &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/del&gt;unspecified binary object&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;i4 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;four byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;i8 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;integer &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;eight byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;f &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;float &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;four byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;d &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;double &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;eight byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;s &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;string &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;sx &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;string &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;us &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unicode string &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;ux &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unicode string &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|-&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/ins&gt;bin &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| &lt;/ins&gt;unspecified binary object &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|| undetermined length&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The trick is to write code to convert your various data types to your &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;“common tongue” &lt;/del&gt;and alternately write code to convert them back. If you do this for the various systems in your organization you will have a data type conversion code base that can move data to and from every system you did this for. This will speed data conversion tremendously.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The trick is to write code to convert your various data types to your &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;common tongue&amp;quot; &lt;/ins&gt;and alternately write code to convert them back. If you do this for the various systems in your organization&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;you will have a data&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/ins&gt;type conversion code base that can move data to and from every system you did this for. This will speed data conversion tremendously.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This same technique works for moving data to and from disparate database software, accounting SDK interfaces, CRM systems and more.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This same technique works for moving data to and from disparate database software, accounting SDK interfaces, CRM systems&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;and more.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now, converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, and database tables obviously complicates things &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- however &lt;/del&gt;the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined like the &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;datatypes &lt;/del&gt;listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now, converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, and database tables obviously complicates things&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Nonetheless, &lt;/ins&gt;the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;like the &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;data types &lt;/ins&gt;listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, and by &lt;/del&gt;devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. By &lt;/ins&gt;devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The details may be in the data, but the data is stored in your &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;datatypes&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The details may be in the data, but the data is stored in your &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;data types&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;By [[Jason P Sage]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This work is licensed under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ Creative Commons Attribution 3] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Back to [[97 Things Every Programmer Should Know]] home page&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2009 13:15:04 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Kevlin</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Rstafford at 05:58, 6 March 2009</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=23612&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 05:58, 6 March 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;int, shortint, short, smallint are a few names taken from only two programming languages that indicate a two byte signed integer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The reserved words &lt;/ins&gt;int, shortint, short, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;smallint are a few names&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;taken from only two programming languages&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;that indicate a two byte signed integer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using “Variant” data types which further complicate matters, require more CPU processing and are usually abused.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many developers for one reason or another resort to using “Variant” data types&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;which further complicate matters, require more CPU processing&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;and are usually abused.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common language &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which &lt;/del&gt;to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common language to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following datatypes are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following datatypes are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 30:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 30:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This same technique works for moving data to and from disparate database software, accounting SDK interfaces, CRM systems and more.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This same technique works for moving data to and from disparate database software, accounting SDK interfaces, CRM systems and more.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, database tables obviously complicates things however the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined like the datatypes listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Now&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;database tables obviously complicates things &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/ins&gt;however the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined like the datatypes listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates, and by devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates, and by devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The details may be in the data, but the data is stored in your datatypes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The details may be in the data, but the data is stored in your datatypes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2009 05:58:58 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Rstafford</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Jasonpsage at 03:53, 3 March 2009</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=23566&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 03:53, 3 March 2009&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following datatypes are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following datatypes are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b – boolean – True or False&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;b – boolean – True or False&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;u1 - unsigned integer – one byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;u1 - unsigned integer – one byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;u2 - unsigned integer – two byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;u2 - unsigned integer – two byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;u4 - unsigned integer – four byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;u4 - unsigned integer – four byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;u8 - unsigned integer – eight byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;u8 - unsigned integer – eight byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;i1 – integer – one byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;i2 – integer – two byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;i1 – integer – one byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;i4 – integer – four byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;i2 – integer – two byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;i8 – integer – eight byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;i4 – integer – four byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;f – float – four byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;i8 – integer – eight byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;d – double – eight byte&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;s – string – undetermined length&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;f – float – four byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;sx – string fixed length&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;d – double – eight byte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;us – unicode string - undetermined length&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;ux – unicode string – fixed length&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;s – string – undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* '''&lt;/ins&gt;bin – unspecified binary object&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;sx – string fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;us – unicode string - undetermined length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;ux – unicode string – fixed length&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;bin – unspecified binary object&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The trick is to write code to convert your various data types to your “common tongue” and alternately write code to convert them back. If you do this for the various systems in your organization you will have a data type conversion code base that can move data to and from every system you did this for. This will speed data conversion tremendously.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The trick is to write code to convert your various data types to your “common tongue” and alternately write code to convert them back. If you do this for the various systems in your organization you will have a data type conversion code base that can move data to and from every system you did this for. This will speed data conversion tremendously.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2009 03:53:21 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Jasonpsage</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Jasonpsage: New page: int, shortint, short, smallint are a few names taken from only two programming languages that indicate a two byte signed integer.  The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of dat...</title>
			<link>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Data_Type_Tips&amp;diff=23565&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;New page: int, shortint, short, smallint are a few names taken from only two programming languages that indicate a two byte signed integer.  The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of dat...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;int, shortint, short, smallint are a few names taken from only two programming languages that indicate a two byte signed integer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names and storage mechanisms for various kinds of data have become as varied as the colors of leaves in New England in the fall. This really isn't so bad if you spend all your time programming in just one language. However if you're like most developers, you are probably using a number of languages and technologies which requires you to write code to convert data from one data type to another frequently. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many developers for one reason or another resort to using “Variant” data types which further complicate matters, require more CPU processing and are usually abused.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can ease data type complexity when writing conversions by using an apples to apples common reference point to describe data in much the same way that many countries with varied cultures and tongues have a common language which to speak. The benefit of designing your code around such an idea results in modular reusable code that makes sense and centralizes data conversion to one place.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following datatypes are commonplace and can store just about anything:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b – boolean – True or False&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
u1 - unsigned integer – one byte&lt;br /&gt;
u2 - unsigned integer – two byte&lt;br /&gt;
u4 - unsigned integer – four byte&lt;br /&gt;
u8 - unsigned integer – eight byte&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
i1 – integer – one byte&lt;br /&gt;
i2 – integer – two byte&lt;br /&gt;
i4 – integer – four byte&lt;br /&gt;
i8 – integer – eight byte&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
f – float – four byte&lt;br /&gt;
d – double – eight byte&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
s – string – undetermined length&lt;br /&gt;
sx – string fixed length&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
us – unicode string - undetermined length&lt;br /&gt;
ux – unicode string – fixed length&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
bin – unspecified binary object&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The trick is to write code to convert your various data types to your “common tongue” and alternately write code to convert them back. If you do this for the various systems in your organization you will have a data type conversion code base that can move data to and from every system you did this for. This will speed data conversion tremendously.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This same technique works for moving data to and from disparate database software, accounting SDK interfaces, CRM systems and more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now converting and moving complex data types such as record structures, linked lists, database tables obviously complicates things however the same principles apply. Whenever you create a staging area whose layout is well defined like the datatypes listed above, and write code to move data into a structure from a given source as well as the mechanism to move it back, you create valuable programming opportunities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most organizations are very aware of the fetters that vendor lock-in creates, and by devising a common tongue for all your systems to speak in, you manufacture a powerful tool to loosen those bonds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The details may be in the data, but the data is stored in your datatypes.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2009 03:51:10 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Jasonpsage</dc:creator>			<comments>http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:Data_Type_Tips</comments>		</item>
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