The manufactured stage
From WikiContent
The second period is much shorter than the first, but it contrasts so strikingly that we have to consider it a radically different approach to creativity and artistic experience. It coincides roughly with the beginning of the twentieth century, when three new media quickly became widespread: film, radio, and the phonograph.
According to Wikipedia, film became viable with the introduction of the Kinetograph (which generated films) and Kinetoscope (which displayed them) by Edison Laboratories in 1894. The Lumière brothers in France started making and displaying films in 1895, but it was the early 1900s before people were regularly visiting movie houses.
Edison is also credited with the invention of the phonograph in 1877. According to Wikipedia, the phonograph really took off with the invention of the disk in the mid-1890s; it is thus a feature of the twentieth century as much as film.
Experiments with radio are generally dated to 1895 (whether it is credited to Tesla, Marconi, or the Russian physicist Popov). While audio broadcasts over telephone lines were tried as early as the 1880s and numerous wireless experiments took place around the turn of the century, 1912 seems to be the date of the first public radio broadcasts of significance.
